Unknown Stone Structures & Chariot Found in Varna

Archaeologists have made an intriguing discovery during excavations at a Roman-era necropolis mound near Varna, Bulgaria. The investigation team uncovered mysterious stone structures alongside the remains of a Roman chariot, marking the first time such a find has been made in the region.

Located between Vetrino and Provadia, the necropolis mound dates to the 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD. Initially the team led by Dr. Vladimir Slavchev from the Regional History Museum in Varna believed the mound to be from the Early Bronze Age, as another nearby site from that period had been studied earlier. However, new evidence shows that this mound belongs to a different time, specifically the Roman era, reports BTA.

Uncovering Roman Cremation Burials

The mound mainly consists of cremation burials, a common Roman burial method. Wooden beds with bodies were burned in grave pits, which were then filled in. Dr. Slavchev explained that while it’s unclear whether the mound served a single family or a larger community, it likely catered to a nearby settlement.

The mound was constructed in stages, with the initial mound covered in a whitish marl layer (a rock that is a mix of clay and calcite) expanded over time, and sealed in a similar manner.

The Roman chariot remains found at Varna necropolis. (BTA/YouTube Screenshot)

Discovery of a Roman Chariot

Among the notable finds was the well-preserved remains of a Roman two-wheeled chariot, buried with a horse. This type of chariot, used for standing travel, was common for both normal, everyday transport and military purposes. “It is likely that this chariot was military,” said Slavchev.

While such finds have been made in other parts of Bulgaria, this is the first discovery of a Roman chariot in the Varna region.

The Mystery of the Stone Structures

The most puzzling discovery, however, was the presence of dome-shaped stone structures surrounding the southern side of the mound. These round and elliptical structures were built closely together with stone floors, but archaeologists found absolutely nothing inside. Despite their intact state, the purpose of these formations remains unknown.

“We found no signs that these were destroyed or looted, yet their purpose is a complete mystery,” Slavchev noted according to the BTA report. So far, there is no record of similar structures being found in other Roman-era sites.

Grave Goods and Looting

While no gold objects were found in the mound, archaeologists uncovered various ceramic and glass vessels, iron and bronze objects, and coins. Among the coins was one minted during the reign of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius, along with others from the Severan dynasty. These coins were placed in the graves after cremation, intended for use by the dead in the afterlife.

Unfortunately, treasure hunters had looted the central part of the mound, and telltale signs several raids were discovered. This looting has left archaeologists uncertain about the original contents of the central burial.

Lifesaving Excavations

The excavation of this necropolis was necessary due to its location on the planned route of a future gas pipeline between Bulgaria and Romania. Funding for the project was provided by Bulgartransgaz, in cooperation with the National Archaeological Institute with Museum – BAS.

The findings add valuable insight into the region’s Roman history and have thrown up an interesting conundrum regarding the purpose of the mysterious stone structures.

Top image: Roman chariot remains found at Varna.      Source: BTA/YouTube Screenshot

By Gary Manner