Everyone Who Made This Happen: Meet the Many People It Takes to Produce One Thing

Even works of art that we think of as coming from the minds of lone creative geniuses were group efforts: Michelangelo, for example, recruited some 11 painters to assist him with the Sistine Chapel. The contemporary land artist Michael Heizer, who makes sculptures out of dirt, rocks and negative space in the Nevada desert, and whom The Times once called “art’s last, lonely cowboy,” has relied on a crew of construction workers to help execute his vision. Still, it’s only in the past few decades that attitudes around labor and the power of collectivism have shifted, making artists not only quicker to collaborate but also to give credit where credit is due. Reflecting on “Womanhouse,” the multiroom feminist art installation that debuted in Los Angeles in 1972 and was created by Judy Chicago, Miriam Schapiro and over 20 California Institute of the Arts students and local artists, Schapiro told the writer Judith E. Stein, “Collaboration was taking place right then and there in my brain and liberating me from the idea of being solitary.”

Then there are the creative disciplines or undertakings, such as theater or architecture, being in a band or running a restaurant, that tend to preclude solitude. No matter the field, though, certain projects require an outsize number of bodies. We picked five projects that illustrate just how many people it can take to create a single object or artistic work, going behind the scenes of a performance piece, a work of puppet-led theater, an intricate chair, a leather handbag and a high-concept slice of pizza. “When producers first say they want puppets,” says the British puppetry director and designer Toby Olié, “I ask, ‘How many people have you got?’”

Collaboration can be hard work, with multiple opportunities for conflict. It’s also a luxury. When the Canadian artist Miles Greenberg was starting out, he says, “I was just showing up alone with a duffel bag to an underground art space or club and painting myself in the bathroom mirror, and that’s still who I am and what I do in my head.” At the same time, he’s grateful to feel understood by his artistic partners, and for the time to focus on making art that his other collaborators afford him. Then, too, there’s the practical if unstated fact that, as artists and creative types, these people are in the business of pursuing perfection. Often, combining forces is the only way to get them closer to it.

For the director John Caird’s stage adaptation of Hayao Miyazaki’s beloved 2001 animated film, a design team created 65 puppeteered elements, including a nearly 20-foot-long dragon. Read more here.

Creating a potato pizza for the restaurant Blue Hill at Stone Barns involved an artist, scientists from Cornell University and over 20 cheese makers. Read more here.

Three years in the making, this furniture piece, from the studio of the designer Humberto Campana, was inspired by woven disks of a Brazilian plant. Read more here.

Miles Greenberg’s R.P.G.-inspired show “Respawn” at the Art Gallery of Ontario wasn’t simply a feat of endurance; it required a fencing instructor, a sex doll maker and months of preparation. Read more here.

The Italian luxury brand’s reinterpretation of a classic woven beach tote features leather in place of cane — and required the company’s artisans to take research trips to traditional basketmaking regions. Read more here.