Researcher explains why employers should prioritize the well-being of expatriate workers

Well-being plays a critical role in maintaining job performance and the decision to stay abroad for expatriates. According to a doctoral dissertation by Tania Biswas from the University of Vaasa, Finland, strong organizational support and favorable working conditions improve their well-being at work, leading to improved job outcomes and reduced turnover. However, high-risk environments and conflicts between work and personal life can reduce well-being, leading to poor performance and an increased desire to quit.

Tania Biswas’ doctoral dissertation identifies crucial factors that affect expatriates’ well-being and work outcomes. She uses the term expatriate to refer to employees who move abroad either independently or on contract with their employer.

“Job autonomy, social support and work-family balance play an essential role in shaping the expatriate experience,” says Biswas, who will defend her dissertation at the University of Vaasa on 1 November.

The dissertation shows that expatriates who find meaning in their international assignments and feel supported by their organizations are more likely to stay engaged and perform well, while those who face social isolation or challenging living conditions may struggle.

“By managing these factors effectively, companies can enhance expatriate retention, performance and satisfaction,” says Biswas.

More flexibility, meaningfulness and support needed

International work is becoming more common, particularly in the business sector. As global companies increasingly depend on expatriates for international operations, this research emphasizes the importance of supporting expatriate well-being for both individual and organizational success. While working abroad offers unique opportunities, it also presents challenges that can lead to burnout and disengagement if not addressed early.

“To improve mental health and job performance, organizations should strengthen support systems and foster flexibility. The key lies in identifying burnout risks at an early stage and addressing them proactively, says Biswas.

According to the dissertation, offering meaningful assignments that align with expatriates’ personal values and cultivating an inclusive environment where foreign workers feel valued can significantly boost well-being. Expatriates can also benefit from assessing the meaningfulness of overseas roles before accepting them.

“By prioritizing well-being, companies can retain key talent and create a more engaged, socially responsible workforce, benefiting both the organization and society,” says Biswas.

The dissertation adopts meta-analytic literature review and quantitative research methods. Data is collected through survey questionnaires administered to members of Finnish trade unions representing high-skilled academic engineers, architects, and business school graduates.