UK cedes Chagos Island to Mauritius, retains air base
The United Kingdom says it will cede sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius in a deal it says secures the future of the UK-US Diego Garcia military base, and which could also pave the way for people displaced decades ago to return home.
US President Joe Biden welcomed the deal, saying it would secure the effective operation of Diego Garcia, a strategically important air base in the Indian Ocean, into the next century.
But critics in the UK said it was a capitulation which played into the hands of China, which has close trade ties with Mauritius.
One group representing displaced Chagos Islanders expressed anger they had been shut out of talks.
UK Foreign Minister David Lammy said the deal settled the contested sovereignty of the islands, the last UK overseas territory in Africa, while ongoing legal challenges had imperilled the long-term future of the Diego Garcia.
He said the base, whose strategic significance was demonstrated during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts where it acted as a launch pad for long-range bombers, was guaranteed for at least 99 years.
“Today’s agreement … will strengthen our role in safeguarding global security, shut down any possibility of the Indian Ocean being used as a dangerous illegal migration route to the UK, as well as guaranteeing our long-term relationship with Mauritius, a close Commonwealth partner,” Lammy said.
The agreement also paves the way for the potential return of the few people still alive who were forcibly displaced from their homes on the islands decades ago.
As part of the deal, the UK will retain sovereignty of Diego Garcia for an initial period of 99 years, and will pay Mauritius an undisclosed rent.
It will also create a “resettlement” fund for displaced Chagossians aimed at letting them move back to the islands other than Diego Garcia.
Biden echoed that sentiment, saying Diego Garcia played “a vital role in national, regional, and global security”.
“It enables the United States to support operations that demonstrate our shared commitment to regional stability, provide rapid response to crises and counter some of the most challenging security threats we face,” he said.
The UK, which has controlled the region since 1814, detached the Chagos Islands in 1965 from Mauritius – a former colony that became independent three years later – to create the British Indian Ocean Territory.
In the early 1970s, the UK evicted almost 2000 residents to Mauritius and the Seychelles to make way for an air base on Diego Garcia, the largest island, which it had leased to the United States in 1966.
A non-binding resolution in the United Nations General Assembly in 2019 said the UK should give up control of the archipelago after wrongfully forcing the population to leave.
In 2016, the UK’s Foreign Ministry extended Diego Garcia’s lease until 2036 and declared the expelled islanders would not be allowed to go back.
The new agreement said Mauritius would be free to implement a program of resettlement on the islands other than Diego Garcia, with the terms left for officials in Port Louis to decide.
“We were guided by our conviction to complete the decolonisation of our republic,” Mauritian Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth said in a televised speech.
Olivier Bancoult, leader of the Mauritius-based Chagos Refugees Group, said it marked a decisive turning point and an official recognition of the injustices suffered by the Chagossians.
But UK-based diaspora group Chagossian Voices said it deplored “the exclusion of the Chagossian community from the negotiations”.
“Chagossians… remain powerless and voiceless in determining our own future and the future of our homeland,” it said in a statement on Facebook.
UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer – who has said his government would be, in part, defined by a respect for international law after his Labour Party won power in July – had made settling the issue a priority.
However, leading figures in UK’s opposition Conservative Party, which initially launched the talks while in government, criticised the agreement.
Conservative security spokesman Tom Tugendhat said the deal undermined the UK’s allies and opened the possibility of China gaining a military foothold in the Indian Ocean.
“This is a dangerous capitulation that will hand our territory to an ally of Beijing,” Robert Jenrick, the favourite to be the next Conservative leader, said on X.
Asked about the concerns over China, US State Department spokesman Matthew Miller said: “The provisions of the agreement do give us assurances that we will be able to maintain the security of our base.”
with AP
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