What’s next for India’s regulators?

This report is from this week’s CNBC’s “Inside India” newsletter which brings you timely, insightful news and market commentary on the emerging powerhouse and the big businesses behind its meteoric rise. Like what you see? You can subscribe here.

Bureaucrats, stereotypically but perhaps unfairly, are often seen as moving too slowly. Instead, there’s been a flurry of activity this month at a number of regulators across India’s financial system. 

As the South Asian country’s financial markets evolve and expand, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have been actively implementing new rules. 

They say it’s to ensure the stability and integrity of the markets. 

One area that has caught their attention is the rapidly growing derivatives market, particularly futures and options trading. 

In 2023, more than three-quarters of the 108 billion options contracts traded worldwide were on Indian exchanges, according to data from the Futures Industry Association. The significant increase over the past five years has been mainly fuelled by retail investors, with the rise drawing the attention of senior politicians. 

“Any unchecked explosion in retail trading of futures and options can create future challenges, not just for the markets, but for investor sentiment and household finances,” Nirmala Sitharaman, India’s finance minister, told an industry conference this week. 

SEBI, however, late last month had asked exchanges to pay higher regulatory fees, a move which tanked the shares of the Bombay Stock Exchange by nearly 20% on the following trading day. 

Similarly, regulators have also banned 80% of the trading activity in the currency futures market to stamp out volatility in the Indian rupee.

Another area of focus for regulators has been the IPO market for small and medium-sized companies. 

SEBI, to protect minority shareholders and to prevent the misuse of a listing platform introduced in 2012, is now considering raising the minimum size of such public offers so that it’s limited to only “serious companies”, Reuters reported this week.

Despite the steady stream of regulations, some of these new rules are being welcomed by investors.

The central bank, for example, proposed that lenders set aside higher loan loss provisions for infrastructure projects retrospectively. 

That frightened bank investors and immediately knocked off more than 3% from the India Nifty PSU Bank index.

“RBI has been tightening the screws,” Rajeev Agrawal, hedge fund manager and managing partner at DoorDarshi India Fund, told CNBC’s Inside India. 

The investor believes that intervention in this instance is justified since the regulator might be concerned that credit growth has been too fast and could lead to a “bubble” in asset prices.

The central bank’s move comes in light of the large defaults across infrastructure loans starting in 2012-2013, which strained the country’s banking system.

“I think it’s perfect, because it ensures that that system is safe,” Agrawal added.

India ‘very favorable’ for IPOs. Shailendra Singh, managing director at Peak XV Partners, formerly Sequoia Capital India & Southeast Asia, told CNBC that India has created “a very favorable environment” for companies to go public. There were 220 IPOs in India last year, up 48% from 2022, making it the second-largest IPO market in the world.

India is still relying heavily on coal. According to a new report by energy think tank Ember, India generates 78% of its electricity from fossil fuels, with coal making up 75% of that mix. The country’s leaders have been optimistic about its path to net zero, making bold claims that 50% of its power generation will come from non-fossil fuel forms of energy by 2030.

The fallout between Maldives and India is benefiting Sri Lanka. A social media row in January resulted in a sharp drop in Indian visitors to the Maldives this year and is “absolutely” helping Sri Lanka’s travel industry, according to the country’s tourism minister. Nearly 34,400 Indian travelers went to Sri Lanka in January, more than double the 13,759 that visited in January last year.

India’s mid-cap stocks are in a ‘bubble’. [Subscriber content] On CNBC Pro, the portfolio manager behind a $3.1 billion Asia ex-Japan fund revealed that they’ve nearly exited the country. The fund manager said it’s impossible to justify current stock prices, even when accounting for “aggressive assumptions” about future growth.

Indian stocks have partially rebounded this week after a 2% decline last week. The Nifty 50 is up 1.5% so far this week. The index has risen 3% this year.

The 10-year Indian government bond yields have fallen in the last week to 7.08%. The Indian rupee has remained nearly flat against the U.S. dollar over the past week.

The elections will continue next week with the fifth phase starting on Monday. Voting is staggered in phases until June 1 and counting starting a few days afterward.

Next week, Go Digit Insurance, which counts former Indian cricket captain Virat Kohli as an early investor will go public on Thursday.