Study highlights supply and demand gaps in after-school programs

After-school programs are in high demand among families, but mismatches in cost, location and program type can prevent students from accessing the opportunities they need most, according to a new USC study.

Researchers from the USC EdPolicy Hub at the USC Rossier School of Education and the USC Center for Applied Research in Education, housed in the USC Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research, examined the balance of supply and demand for after-school and expanded learning opportunities in Lynwood, California. By surveying 259 parents of elementary and middle school students, program providers and community leaders, the team gained insight into families’ priorities as well as the challenges that limit participation.

The study found that a majority of Lynwood parents, 58%, currently enroll their children in after-school programs, most often in school-based offerings. Nearly 80% of parents reported being satisfied with existing options, which included supervision, support for working families, socialization and skill-building opportunities for students. Still, families voiced a strong desire for more opportunities, particularly in STEM, arts and athletics.

“As a research team member, I was inspired by how Lynwood families shared their gratitude for current after-school programs and their hopes for greater access and variety. Our findings highlight how important it is to address barriers, ensuring that every child has the opportunity to participate in programs that support their growth, learning, and creativity,” said Alvin Makori, Ph.D. candidate in Urban Education Policy and research assistant at the USC EdPolicy Hub.

While many school-based programs are operating near capacity, some non-school providers still have space available. However, transportation barriers, program costs and limited awareness prevent many families from enrolling. Parents also emphasized the importance of balancing academic support, enrichment and safety, while calling for stronger communication from program providers.

“Lynwood serves as a valuable case study for Los Angeles County and beyond, highlighting the importance of examining family needs at the local level,” said Jon Fullerton, principal investigator and executive director of the USC EdPolicy Hub. “This report provides critical insights into how we can better align expanded learning opportunities with the needs and preferences of families.”

The report also outlines recommendations for school districts, policymakers and funders, including strengthening partnerships between schools and community-based organizations, expanding program diversity, improving outreach to parents and investing in workforce stability.

For Lynwood Unified School District, the findings offer a roadmap to ensure programs reflect family priorities. “After-school programs play a vital role in student success, and this research will guide us in strengthening partnerships and expanding programs that truly support learning, enrichment and the whole child,” said Patrick Gittisriboongul, superintendent of Lynwood Unified School District.

The study is part of a countywide initiative to ensure all students, particularly those from historically marginalized communities, have access to high-quality expanded learning opportunities.